As the insulin receptor is expressed in all cell types and insulin signaling mediates diverse cellular functions, the detailed insulin function of each tissue has been extensively studied using tissue-specific Insr knockout mice 3,5 , in which Insr expression is almost completely disrupted in a specific cell type
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decreased TSH, decreased Total T4, and decreased Free T4) Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Galactorrhea, hypoadrenalism, diabetes insipidus [Ref] Local Very common (10% or more): Injection site pain (13.8%), injection site reactions Common (1% to 10%): Injection site hematoma [Ref] Dermatologic Very common (10% or more): Alopecia (13.2%) Common (1% to 10%): Pruritus, bruise, rash Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Cellulitis, petechiae, urticaria, basal cell carcinoma [Ref] Musculoskeletal Common (1% to 10%): Joint pain, backache Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Arthritis, joint effusion, muscle pain, Raynaud's phenomenon [Ref] Psychiatric Common (1% to 10%): Depression Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Anxiety, paranoia, libido decrease [Ref] Other Very common (10% or more): Fatigue (31.8%), generalized pain (15%) Common (1% to 10%): Weakness Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Hearing loss, otitis [Ref] Respiratory Very common (10% or more): Upper respiratory tract infection (18.2%), sinusitis (12%) Common (1% to 10%): Cold symptoms, flu symptoms, epistaxis Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Pneumonia, pulmonary nodule, status asthmaticus [Ref] Renal Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Increased creatinine kinase [Ref] Hypersensitivity Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Allergic reaction Frequency not reported : Anaphylactic reaction [Ref] Immunologic Very common (10% or more): Antibodies to octreotide (25%) Ocular Common (1% to 10%): Blurred vision, visual disturbance Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Increased intraocular pressure [Ref] Genitourinary Common (1% to 10%): Urinary tract infection, pollakiuria Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Gynecomastia, amenorrhea, polymenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, vaginitis, nephrolithiasis, hematuria [Ref] References 1
18 Patients were randomized to receive 100 mg IV furosemide twice daily, with or without 100 ml of compound hypertonic saline solution (2.8% NaCl with 0.2% KCl and 0.9% MgSO4)
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine recommend: People ages 14 and older get 2.4 mcg of B12 per day Pregnant individuals get 2.6 mcg of B12 per day Breastfeeding individuals get 2.8 mcg of B12 per day There hasn't been a tolerable upper intake level set for B12
