GHK-Cu may prevent oxidative stress in skin by regulating copper and modifying expression of numerous antioxidant genes
Examples include superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and GSH peroxidases (GSH-Px) a family of cytosolic, mitochondrial, and extracellular enzymes that detoxify lipid hydroperoxides and H 2 O 2 by oxidizing GSH to GSSG
When combined with tretinoin to enhance penetration, it reaches areas surface treatments cant
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Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu province, grant number: BK20241807, the Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province, grant number: ZDYF2022XDNY335, the collaborative Projects of Amway China Co., Limited and the National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, (grant number: Am20230595RD)